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Manufactured Aggregate

Manufactured Aggregate

Manufactured Aggregate Instruction

This report reviews the various types of aggregates and their potential for use in concrete and/or road construction materials. For the purpose of this review, aggregates are classified into manufactured, recycled and reused by-product aggregates. They are described in terms of sources and production process, physical and mechanical characteristics, the benefits and limitations of their use in concrete and/or road construction, and their availability. These are summarised in the table.

In many countries, including India, recycled concrete aggregates have been proven to be practical for low-strength concretes and to a limited extent for some structural grade concrete. The processing and quality control cost associated with their use plus the premium paid for mix design adjustment to achieve the same strength grade as concrete with natural aggregates can vary considerably. Aggregates from selected materials and industrial by-products, on the other hand, have greater potential for use in concrete and/or as road construction materials.

A number of manufactured and recycled aggregates are readily available in certain localities. Air-cooled blast furnace slag and manufactured sand are two good examples of concrete coarse and fine aggregates. Comprehensive performance data are available for air-cooled blast furnace slag and work is continuing to obtain performance data and appropriate specifications for manufactured sand. In other construction applications such as pavement, roadbase and sub-base, there is limited information on the performance of each material as assessment appeared to be based on field trials, especially those by road authorities.


types of Aggregate for Concrete

This report reviews the various types of aggregates and their potential for use in concrete and/or road construction materials. For the purpose of this review, aggregates are classified into manufactured, recycled and reused by-product aggregates. They are described in terms of sources and production process, physical and mechanical characteristics, the benefits and limitations of their use in concrete and/or road construction, and their availability. These are summarised in the table.


Type Of Aggregate Description Applications In Australia
Manufactured Aggregates
Foamed Blast Furnace Slag Water cooled blast furnace iron slag with stream trapped porous mass. Lightweight concrete. Not available.
Fly Ash Sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate. Chemically bound fly ash aggregate. Medium strength concrete. No data available. Not available.
Manufactured Sand Purposed-made crushed fine aggregate. Partial sand substitute in concrete and asphaltic concrete. Available commercially.
Polystyrene Crushed waste expanded polystyrene or coated small polystyrene beads. Lightweight concrete. Proprietary products available.
Expanded Clays, Shales and Slates Expanded clay lightweight aggregate. Structural grades concrete. Not available.

Recycled Aggregates
Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) Crushed sound and clean waste concrete of at least 95% by weight of concrete with typical total contamination lower than 1% of the bulk mass. Class 1A RCA is a well graded RCA with no more than 0.5% brick content. Partial replacement (30%) for natural aggregate in concrete for sidewalks, kerbs and gutters. Also for structural concrete (with mix adjustment) and inferior permeability and shrinkage properties. Available commercially particularly in the Sydney and Melbourne market.
Recycled Concrete and Masonry (RCM) Graded aggregate produced from sorted and clean waste concrete and masonry. Class 1B RCA is a class 1A RCA blended with no more than 30% crush brick. Road base course and subbase material. Not available.
Reclaimed Aggregate (RA) Coarse aggregates reclaimed from returned concrete by separating the aggregates from the water-cement slurry. Up to 32-MPa concrete with 100% reclaimed aggregates, and as partial replacement of natural aggregate in grades up to 80 MPa. Self generated aggregate available to specific batching plants.
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Old asphalt concrete.. New asphaltic concrete pavement. RAP/RCA blends for RCC in flexible pavement and sub-grade material. Available for road construction.
Reclaimed Asphalt Aggregate (RAA) Reclaimed coarse aggregate and recycled asphalt granules from waste asphalt concrete. Concrete with penalties in mix adjustment. Not available.

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